The head of the CFDT union, Marylise Léon, complained that it was not just the minimum wage that needed to increase: “We are asking for a net increase of €100 a month.”

The government has sought to appease public anger over rising prices, bringing down the cost of fuel by releasing 10 million barrels of diesel from strategic reserves. Ministers have also promised school students to reform the unpopular Parcoursup university admissions platform and eventually replace it by 2028.

The education ministry said that 16% of teachers had gone on strike, and the unions said disruption had affected more than one in four lycées, which cater for 15-18 year-olds, as well as the vast majority of universities.

Large numbers are expected on the streets, especially in the capital, and the CFDT leader said she would be happy if 800,000 people turned out.

Meanwhile, a revived gilets jaunes (yellow-vest) movement that staged a revolt against the high cost of living several years ago has called for further blockades and protests on Friday and Saturday too.