Cell culture (University College London) Key reagents can be found in Supplementary Table 1. SH-SY5Y cells (American Type Culture Collection (ATCC)) and SK-N-BE(2) (ATCC) with stable doxycycline-inducible short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) to TARDBP were described in ref. 6 and were maintained in DMEM–F12 with GlutaMAX (Thermo Fisher Scientific) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Thermo Fisher