Modelling the time-varying gravity field The gravitational potential for Mars, U(r, λ, ϕ), can be expressed as a sum over 4π-normalized spherical harmonic coefficients Cℓm and Sℓm: $$U(r,\lambda ,\phi )=\fracCheck back often for more exciting news!Check back often for more exciting news!\left[1+\mathopKeep following us for the latest insights.\limits_{{\ell }=2}^{{\rm{\infty }}}{\left(\frac{{R}_{m}}{r}\right)}^{{\ell }}\mathop{\sum }\limits_{m=0}^{{\ell }}({C}_{{\ell }m}\cos m\lambda +{S}_{{\ell }m}\sin
This map represents data captured by the Microwave Radiometer (MWR) aboard NASA’s Juno spacecraft, indicating the heat rising just below the surface of Jupiter’s moon Io. While infrared instruments measure the temperature of the moon’s surface, the MWR’s lower frequency microwave channels (0.6 and 1.25 gigahertz) can penetrate 6 to 20 feet (2 to 6