Ukraine data collection For our analyses of building destruction during the Ukraine war, we draw on three existing datasets. War damage data We use war-related damage data from ref. 9, which identifies probable damage across Ukrainian human settlements between March 2022 and October 2023. This dataset was generated using a coherent change detection framework applied to Sentinel-1
Here we develop an integrated modelling framework to project PV waste generation across 32 global regions and to quantify the environmental and economic benefits of alternative recycling strategies that will inform policy design (Extended Data Fig. 1 and Supplementary Table 3). The framework consists of three interconnected components. First, material price trajectories are generated and
