Patient recruitment and sample collection Specimens were obtained from 20 patients, including histopathologically normal tissue (n = 20, flash-frozen tissue), primary tumour samples (n = 24; 16 FFPE and 8 flash-frozen tissue) and 1–7 metastases per patient (n = 80, flash-frozen tissue). Details of tissue source, location, histology, among other information, for each sample are provided in Supplementary Table 1. Autopsy
Patient biospecimens and data All patient material was obtained through Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) Institutional Review Board protocols 06-107, 12-245, 14-244 and 22-404. No statistical method was used to predetermine sample sizes. scRNA-seq datasets from matched normal colon, primary tumour and metastasis samples were obtained from a previous study10. Patient-derived organoids from two primary tumours
