Archaeological site and samples Bianfu Cave (26° 27′ 43.65′′ N, 100° 09′ 55.45′′ E) is in Heqing County, western Yunnan Province in southwestern China, approximately 2 km south of the Yinhe River, a secondary tributary of the Yangtze River (Fig. 1a). In 2019, the Yunnan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and other cooperative institutes conducted excavations on this site. The stratigraphy
Krause, J. et al. The complete mitochondrial DNA genome of an unknown hominin from southern Siberia. Nature 464, 894–897 (2010). Article ADS CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Reich, D. et al. Genetic history of an archaic hominin group from Denisova Cave in Siberia. Nature 468, 1053–1060 (2010). Article ADS CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google
Morris, J. L. et al. The timescale of early land plant evolution. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 115, E2274–E2283 (2018). Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Lozano-Fernandez, J. et al. A molecular palaeobiological exploration of arthropod terrestrialization. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 371, 20150133 (2016). Article Google Scholar Lozano-Fernandez, J. et al. A
Neanderthals are known to have had physiological differences from Homo sapiens, including thicker bones and defined brow ridges, as in this model.Credit: Mike Kemp/In Pictures via Getty Two genetic changes in the genomes of Neanderthals contributed to the extinct hominin’s characteristic robust physique — and the differences persist in modern humans. The variants make carriers
