Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
Ted Schwaba, Lindsay S. Ackerman & Josephine C. M. Fealy
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
Margaret L. Clapp Sullivan
Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Wonuola A. Akingbuwa, Eco J. C. de Geus, Jouke-Jan Hottenga & Ian J. Deary
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Wonuola A. Akingbuwa & Eco J. C. de Geus
Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
Kerli Ilves, Urmo Võsa, Tõnu Esko, Mariliis Vaht, Tõnu Esko & Uku Vainik
ALERRT Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
Peter T. Tanksley
Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique (ENS, EHESS, CNRS), École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Paris, France
Camille M. Williams
Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
Yavor Dragostinov, Javier de la Fuente, K. Paige Harden & Elliot M. Tucker-Drob
Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
Yavor Dragostinov & Elliot M. Tucker-Drob
Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Travis T. Mallard & Justin D. Tubbs
Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Travis T. Mallard & Justin D. Tubbs
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Travis T. Mallard & Justin D. Tubbs
Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
Travis T. Mallard, Justin D. Tubbs & Margherita Malanchini
School of Biological and Behavioral Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
Wangjingyi Liao & Agnieszka Musial
Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Gibran Hemani, George Davey Smith, Elizabeth C. Corfield & Michel G. Nivard
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Gibran Hemani, George Davey Smith & Michel G. Nivard
Yale University, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, CT, USA
Priya Gupta, Joel Gelernter & Daniel F. Levey
University of California San Diego, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
Murray B. Stein
Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
Liisi Ausmees, Anu Realo & René Mõttus
Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
Anu Realo, Jüri Allik & Uku Vainik
School of Educational Sciences, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
Anu Realo
Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
René Mõttus, Catharina A. Hartman, Charley Xia, Michelle Luciano, Ian J. Deary & W. David Hill
Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Uku Vainik
deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
Gudrun A. Jonsdottir, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Árni Freyr Gunnarsson, Gyda Bjornsdottir, Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson, Hreinn Stefansson & Kari Stefansson
PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Rosa Cheesman, Qi Qin, Helga Ask, Fartein Ask Torvik & Eivind Ystrom
School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Rosa Cheesman
PsychGen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Division of Public Health and Prevention, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
Elizabeth C. Corfield, Helga Ask & Eivind Ystrom
Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology Group, Research Department, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Elizabeth C. Corfield
Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
Fartein Ask Torvik
Centre for Research on Equality in Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Eivind Ystrom
Department of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
Martin Tesli
Department of Psychiatry, Østfold Hospital, Sarpsborg, Norway
Martin Tesli
Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Dorret I. Boomsma
Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
Dener Cardoso Melo, Catharina A. Hartman & Albertine J. Oldehinkel
Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
Harold Snieder & Peter J. van der Most
Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Charley Xia, W. David Hill, Gail Davies, Paul Redmond, Adele Taylor & Janie Corley
Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Archie Campbell
Department of Computational Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Seon-Kyeong Jang
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Scott I. Vrieze, Tobias Edwards, Alexandros Giannelis, Emily A. Willoughby, James J. Lee, Matt McGue, Robert F. Krueger & Colin D. Freilich
Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Scott I. Vrieze
Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
Gonçalo Abecasis
QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Michelle K. Lupton, Brittany L. Mitchell, Petra V. Viher, Lucía Colodro-Conde, Nicholas G. Martin, Sarah E. Medland, Eske M. Derks & Briar Wormington
Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Michelle K. Lupton & Brittany L. Mitchell
School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Michelle K. Lupton & Brittany L. Mitchell
School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Lucía Colodro-Conde & Sarah E. Medland
Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Jaakko Kaprio & Teemu Palviainen
Population Research Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Karri Silventoinen
Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, London, UK
Kaili Rimfeld
Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
Kaili Rimfeld & Robert Plomin
Rutgers Addiction Research Center, Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
Danielle M. Dick
Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
Danielle M. Dick & Fazil Aliev
Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Laura W. Wesseldijk & Fredrik Ullén
Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Laura W. Wesseldijk, Fredrik Ullén & Miriam A. Mosing
Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Laura W. Wesseldijk & Abdel Abdellaoui
Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Miriam A. Mosing
Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Miriam A. Mosing
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Henry R. Kranzler
Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Yaira Nunez, Sarah Beck & Renato Polimanti
Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Alexandros Giannelis
Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
Antonio Terracciano
Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, ML, USA
Antonio Terracciano
Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
Michele Marongiu & Edoardo Fiorillo
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Study of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
Francesco Cucca
Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
Angelina R. Sutin
Pedagogical Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
Tina Kretschmer
Huntsman Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
Andrey A. Shabalin
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
Anna R. Docherty, Binisha H. Mishra & Terho Lehtimäki
Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
Binisha H. Mishra, Terho Lehtimäki & Mika Kähönen
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
Binisha H. Mishra & Terho Lehtimäki
Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
Olli T. Raitakari
Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
Olli T. Raitakari
Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Olli T. Raitakari
InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Olli T. Raitakari
Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
Mika Kähönen
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Aino Saarinen & Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen
Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
Henrik Dobewall
Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
Klaus Berger & Marisol Herrera-Rivero
Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, Göttingen, Germany
Marisol Herrera-Rivero
Hector Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
Fabian Streit
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
Fabian Streit
German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim-Heidelberg-Ulm, Ulm, Germany
Fabian Streit
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Swapnil Awasthi & Alisha S. M. Hall
Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
Stephanie H. Witt, Lea Zillich & Lea Sirignano
Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Johanna Tuhkanen & Jari Lahti
Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Katri Räikkönen & Johan G. Eriksson
Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
Johan G. Eriksson & Jari Lahti
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
Johan G. Eriksson
Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Tom C. Russ
Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Tom C. Russ
Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso”, CNR, Naples, Italy
Marina Ciullo & Teresa Nutile
Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
Jun Ding, Yong Qian, Toshiko Tanaka & Luigi Ferrucci
Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Neuroimaging and Interindividual Differences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
Erhan Genç & Christoph Fraenz
Department of Ergonomics, Networking Group Aging, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
Patrick D. Gajewski & Stephan Getzmann
Department of Psychology, Neuropsychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
Javier E. Schneider Peñate
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
Stefanie Lis & Christian Schmahl
Department of Clinical Psychology, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
Stefanie Lis
Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Alisha S. M. Hall
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Alisha S. M. Hall
Department of Psychosomatic General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
Sabine C. Herpertz
Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Abdel Abdellaoui
T.S., M.L.C.S., A.A., M.G.N. and E.M.T.-D. conceived and designed the study and drafted and revised the manuscript. T.S., M.L.C.S., W.A.A., K.I., P.T.T., C.M.W., Y.D., T.T.M., J.D.T., W.L., L.S.A., J.C.M.F. and Á.F.G. conducted analyses of meta-analytic data. T.S., K.I., T.T.M., J.D.T., W.L., P.G., M.B.S., J.G., D.F.L., U. Võsa, L.A., A.R., M.V., J.A., T. Esko, R.M., U. Vainik, G.A.J., G.T., Á.F.G., G.B., T.E.T., H. Stefansson, K. Stefansson, R.C., Q.Q., E.C.C., H.A., F.A.T., E.Y., M.T., D.I.B., E.J.C.d.G., J.-J.H., D.C.M., H. Snieder, C.A.H., C.X., A.C., M.L., I.J.D., W.D.H., S.-K.J., S.I.V., G.A., M.K.L., B.L.M., P.V.V., L.C.-C., N.G.M., S.E.M., E.M.D., B.W., J.K., K. Silventoinen, T.P., A.M., K. Rimfeld, R. Plomin, M. Malanchini, D.M.D., F.A., L.W.W., F.U., M.A.M., H.R.K., Y.N., S.B., R. Polimanti, T. Edwards, A.G., E.A.W., J.J.L., M. McGue., A. Terracciano, M. Marongiu, E.F., F.C., A.R.S., P.J.v.d.M., A.J.O., T.K., A.A.S., A.R.D., R.F.K., C.D.F., B.H.M., T.L., O.T.R., M.K., A.S., H.D., L.K.-J., K.B., M.H.-R., F.S., S.A., S.H.W., J.T., K. Räikkönen, J.G.E., J.L., G.D., P.R., A. Taylor, J.C., T.C.R., M.C., T.N., J.D., Y.Q., T.T., L.F., L.Z., L.S., K.P.H., E.G., P.D.G., S.G., C.F., J.E.S.P., S.L., A.S.M.H., C.S., S.C.H., A.A., M.G.N. and E.M.T.-D. collected and conducted analysis of cohort-level data. G.H. and J.d.l.F. developed software used in the study. W.A.A., P.T.T., G.D.S., R.M., U. Vainik, G.A.J., T.E.T., R.C., E.C.C., H.A., F.A.T., N.G.M., E.M.D., J.K., L.W.W., R. Polimanti, A.T., P.J.v.d.M., C.X., M.L., I.J.D., W.D.H., H.D., F.S., L.F. and K.P.H. provided iterative feedback on the manuscript and made substantial contributions to the interpretation of data. M.G.N and E.M.T.-D. oversaw the study. All of the authors approved the final version of the manuscript.
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