Cell culture COLO320DM, COLO320HSR and SNU-16 cells (ATCC CCL-220, CCL-220.1 and CRL-5974, respectively) were maintained in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 U ml−1 penicillin-streptomycin, 1% non-essential amino acids, and 2 mM l-glutamine. HEK293T cells (ATCC CRL-3216), PC3-DM, and PC3-HSR (gifts from the P. Mischel laboratory) were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)
