Mice Mice were maintained on a 12 h:12 h light:dark cycle with ad libitum access to food and water, at 22 ± 2 °C and 55 ± 10% humidity. All experiments were performed in accordance with the Swiss National Institutional Guidelines on Animal Experimentation and were approved by the cantonal Veterinary Office Committees for Animal Experimentation. Male C57BL6/J mice were used for
Credit: Science History Images/Alamy In just one month in the 1950s, Rudolph (Rudy) Marcus worked out the theory that for which he became famous. The Marcus theory of electron transfer predicts the rate at which an electron jumps from one molecule to another. This process is fundamental to molecular reactions, biological processes such as respiration
Animals SPF WT C57BL/6J (JAX, 000664) mice were obtained from The Jackson Laboratory. The following strains were also purchased from The Jackson Laboratory: Il21-VFP (B6.Cg-Il21tm1.1Hm/DcrJ, JAX, 030295)35, Il21r-knockout (B6.129-Il21rtm1Kopf/J, JAX, 019115)36, OT-II (B6.Cg-Tg(TcraTcrb)425Cbn/J, JAX, 004194)37, MD4 (C57BL/6-Tg(IghelMD4)4Ccg/J, JAX:002595)38, Jchain-creERT2 (B6(129)-Jchainem1(icre/ERT2)Deep/J, JAX, 035764)39, ROSA-DTA (B6.129P2-Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(DTA)Lky/J, JAX, 009669)40, Ai9 (B6.Cg-Gt(ROSA)26Sortm9(CAG-tdTomato)Hze/J, JAX, 007909)41, Thy1.1 (B6.PL-Thy1a/CyJ, JAX, 000406), AID-cre
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Lareau, C. A., Chapman, M. S., Penter, L., Nawy, T. & Pe’er, D. Artefacts in single-cell mtDNA analyses misinform phylogenies. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10777-0 (2026). Article PubMed Google Scholar Weng, C. et al. Deciphering cell states and genealogies of human hematopoiesis. Nature 627, 389–398 (2024). Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central ADS Google Scholar Salk, J. J., Schmitt,
Bacterial strains All strains for the experiments were grown in lysogeny broth (LB) Lennox and the required antibiotics and incubated at 37 °C with shaking. E. coli K-12 (BW25113)72 was used for most biological analyses, and the BL21-AI or NEB5α strains were used for protein purification and cloning, respectively. The use of the ECOREF53 strain collection