In this study, we combine century-scale river chemistry records, reconstructed acidity and alkalinity inputs, and reactive transport simulations to evaluate whether agricultural liming in the MRB has acted as a net CO2 source or sink. We use existing long-term discharge and alkalinity flux records21 to estimate excess riverine alkalinity export relative to a pre-1935 baseline.
Houses are partially submerged in muddy water following flash floods in Nepal.Credit: Prabin RANABHAT/AFP via Getty Around 350 people have died and more than 1,000 are missing, after a deadly deluge of rocks, mud and water hit villages along the border of Nepal and Tibet on Wednesday. The US Geological Survey says the event was
Data Ice mass variability was quantified using GRACE and GRACE-FO gravimetry data50 spanning 2003–2024. SMB (precipitation minus meltwater runoff, sublimation, evaporation and wind erosion) outputs from RACMO2.4p1 (ref. 51) and MARv3.14 (refs. 52,53) were used to link precipitation variability to observed ice mass changes. Precipitation variability was assessed using several independent datasets, including ERA5 (ref.
Bertola, M. et al. Megafloods in Europe can be anticipated from observations in hydrologically similar catchments. Nat. Geosci. 16, 982–988 (2023). Article ADS CAS Google Scholar Blöschl, G. et al. Changing climate both increases and decreases European river floods. Nature 573, 108–111 (2019). Article ADS PubMed Google Scholar Dreibrodt, S. & Bork, H.-R. In Treatise
