The motion of fluids is described by the Navier–Stokes equations, the focus of one of the thorniest problems in mathematics.Credit: Kertlis/Getty For the first time, a truly major open problem in mathematics has been solved by computer, according to OpenAI, which says it has cracked one of the ‘Millennium Problems’ related to the motion of
Mathematician Andrew Wiles completed the proof to Fermat’s last theorem in 1994, more than 350 years after Pierre Fermat proposed the conjecture.Credit: AP Photo/Charles Rex Arbogast/Alamy Fermat’s last theorem, one of the most celebrated mathematical results of the last half-century, has been turned into computer-verified code for the first time, using an advanced prototype of
Credit: Smithsonian Institution Archives Heisuke Hironaka, a prominent figure in algebraic geometry, was renowned for his landmark 1964 proof of the “resolution of singularities”. His work provides a way to unravel complicated phenomena in geometric objects, such as cusps, spikes and self-intersections. This fundamental result is a standard ingredient in research across a wide swathe
Turbulent fluid flow is a persistent challenge in physics and engineering: it disrupts aviation and reduces the efficiency of wind turbines. In the body, disturbed blood flow can even contribute to problems in the circulatory system. Turbulence is also complex and unpredictable, so devising strategies to control it is notoriously difficult. Now, writing in Nature,
Credit: Science History Images/Alamy In just one month in the 1950s, Rudolph (Rudy) Marcus worked out the theory that for which he became famous. The Marcus theory of electron transfer predicts the rate at which an electron jumps from one molecule to another. This process is fundamental to molecular reactions, biological processes such as respiration
Shimamoto, D. S., Shimamoto, K., Mahmoudi, S. & Poincloux, S. Phys. Rev. X 16, 031006 (2026). Article Google Scholar Singal, K. et al. Nature Commun. 15, 2622 (2024). Article PubMed Google Scholar Spencer, D. J. Knitting Technology: A Comprehensive Handbook and Practical Guide 3rd edn (CRC Press, 2001). Google Scholar Sanchez, V. et al. Adv.