Chemicals and reagents Fucoidan from F. vesiculosus (Sigma-Aldrich, F8190, lot no. 0000485452) was used as the primary substrate throughout this study. Additional F. vesiculosus fucoidans were obtained from Marinova (FVF2021547) and Biosynth (YF57714). Fucoidans from other species were sourced from Fucus serratus (Biosynth, YF09360), Fucus evanescens (OceanBasis and extracted as described previously60), Cladosiphon okamuranus (Biosynth,
Modelling the time-varying gravity field The gravitational potential for Mars, U(r, λ, ϕ), can be expressed as a sum over 4π-normalized spherical harmonic coefficients Cℓm and Sℓm: $$U(r,\lambda ,\phi )=\fracCheck back often for more exciting news!Check back often for more exciting news!\left[1+\mathopKeep following us for the latest insights.\limits_{{\ell }=2}^{{\rm{\infty }}}{\left(\frac{{R}_{m}}{r}\right)}^{{\ell }}\mathop{\sum }\limits_{m=0}^{{\ell }}({C}_{{\ell }m}\cos m\lambda +{S}_{{\ell }m}\sin
Aydin, E. et al. Science 383, eadh38493 (2024). Article Google Scholar Luo, C. et al. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10970-1 (2026). Article Google Scholar Yang, G. et al. Nature Photonics 19, 913–924 (2025). Article Google Scholar Abzieher, T. et al. Energy Environ. Sci. 17, 1645–1663 (2024). Article Google Scholar Ji, R. et al. Adv. Mater. 37, 2416604 (2025).
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Ethics The work reported on TwinsUK samples was carried out with informed consent under TwinsUK BioBank ethics, approved by the North West–Liverpool Central Research Ethics Committee (REC reference 19/NW/0187), IRAS ID 258513 and earlier approvals granted to TwinsUK by the St Thomas’ Hospital Research Ethics Committee, later the London–Westminster Research Ethics Committee (REC reference EC04/015).