Synthesis and isolation of all related compounds All available compounds were purchased from commercial suppliers around the world. All solvents for synthesis were purchased from local suppliers, and solvents of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade were purchased from Fisher Scientific. The synthetic routes and chemicals used for all related compounds are shown in Supplementary Information section 2
Chemicals and reagents Fucoidan from F. vesiculosus (Sigma-Aldrich, F8190, lot no. 0000485452) was used as the primary substrate throughout this study. Additional F. vesiculosus fucoidans were obtained from Marinova (FVF2021547) and Biosynth (YF57714). Fucoidans from other species were sourced from Fucus serratus (Biosynth, YF09360), Fucus evanescens (OceanBasis and extracted as described previously60), Cladosiphon okamuranus (Biosynth,
Modelling the time-varying gravity field The gravitational potential for Mars, U(r, λ, ϕ), can be expressed as a sum over 4π-normalized spherical harmonic coefficients Cℓm and Sℓm: $$U(r,\lambda ,\phi )=\fracCheck back often for more exciting news!Check back often for more exciting news!\left[1+\mathopKeep following us for the latest insights.\limits_{{\ell }=2}^{{\rm{\infty }}}{\left(\frac{{R}_{m}}{r}\right)}^{{\ell }}\mathop{\sum }\limits_{m=0}^{{\ell }}({C}_{{\ell }m}\cos m\lambda +{S}_{{\ell }m}\sin
Ethics The work reported on TwinsUK samples was carried out with informed consent under TwinsUK BioBank ethics, approved by the North West–Liverpool Central Research Ethics Committee (REC reference 19/NW/0187), IRAS ID 258513 and earlier approvals granted to TwinsUK by the St Thomas’ Hospital Research Ethics Committee, later the London–Westminster Research Ethics Committee (REC reference EC04/015).
Simons, K. & Ikonen, E. Functional rafts in cell membranes. Nature 387, 569–572 (1997). Article ADS CAS PubMed Google Scholar Simons, K. & Toomre, D. Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 1, 31–39 (2000). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Hakomori, S. Glycosphingolipids in cellular interaction, differentiation, and oncogenesis. Annu. Rev. Biochem.
