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Study population The genetic discovery analysis of TG:HDL ratio encompassed multiple cohorts with a cumulative sample size of 1,032,116 participants. Study participants were recruited from various population-based and hospital-based health systems across three continents (Fig. 1 and Supplementary Table 1). These cohorts included: the UK Biobank population-based study (UKB, n = 409,602)60; the Geisinger Health System MyCode